Impact of Workplace Discrimination on Employee Performance.
The phenomenon of perceived discrimination has only recently attracted attention. For example, Tsui (2016), contrasted the experiences of perceived sex discrimination of male managers and psychologists and of female managers and psychologists, all of whom were primarily white. Both the men and the women perceived that women experienced greater sex discrimination overall than men (Kaynak, 2021) . However, among women, perceptions of discrimination were associated with negative outcomes, such as more work conflict and more hours spent on paid work activities, whereas men perceived little relationship with these same outcome variables. Job satisfaction and commitment to an organization are critical components of employee attitudes that are likely to be affected by perceived discrimination (Gordon, 2022) . An aspect of interpersonal work relationships related to taking initiative on the job is organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), which refers to informal, pro-so...